Prelude: Joseph arrives in Egypt
The Book of Genesis had told how the Pharaoh had generously welcomed Joseph and his brothers, to dwell in the land of Egypt, when they were starving:
Pharaoh said to his brothers, "What is your
occupation?" And they said to Pharaoh, "Your servants are shepherds,
as our fathers were." They said to Pharaoh,
"We have come to sojourn in the land; for there is no pasture for your
servants' flocks, for the famine is severe in the land of Canaan; and now, we
pray you, let your servants dwell in the land of Goshen." Then Pharaoh said to Joseph, "Your father and
your brothers have come to you. The land of Egypt is
before you; settle your father and your brothers in the best of the land (Gen 47:1-4)
Coming from famine-struck Canaan,
they were hoping to settle down in Egypt. The pharaoh kindly offers them his best land to settle in - and in return
only requests one cushy job, that they look after his cattle: "and if you know any able men among them, put them in charge
of my cattle."
Thus rescued from starvation by
the great generosity of the Pharaoh, they settle in his best land (Gen 47:11) – the books
of Genesis and Exodus thus appear as a story, the first story, of how to screw over a
host-nation. God's chosen people are rescued from starvation and offered the best land to dwell in -in return, with bitter ingratitude, their God finally provides a
hail of ghastly curses and mass-murder, to ‘despoil the Egyptians,’ as we'll now see.
'Ingratitude, thou marble-hearted fiend' King Lear
The
Exodus story begins with the Israelites as slaves in Egypt (which is completely absent from the very detailed historical records of Egypt[1]):
But the more they were oppressed, the more they multiplied and the
more they spread abroad. And the Egyptians were in dread of the people of
Israel. So they made the people of Israel serve with rigor, and made
their lives bitter with hard service, in mortar and brick, and in all kinds of
work in the field;Then
the king of Egypt said to the Hebrew midwives ... "When you serve as
midwife to the Hebrew women, and see them upon the birthstool, if it is a son,
you shall kill him; but if it is a daughter, she shall live. (Exodus 1:12-16)
It's not explained how they have come to be in bondage, whereas initally they were honoured guests. Hebrews in Egypt are multiplying, and Egyptians are
‘in dread’ of them. The unlikely instruction is given to ‘midwives’ by the
King, to murder every male Hebrew child. The midwives' riposte is quite a laugh:
So
the king of Egypt called the midwives, and said to them, "Why have you
done this, and let the male children live?" The midwives said to
Pharaoh, "Because the Hebrew women are not like the Egyptian women; for
they are vigorous and are delivered before the midwife comes to them.
Sure,
they just pop out quickly, before the midwives can arrive to kill them. Despite
being ‘in dread’ of the Hebrews, the Pharaoh commands that "Every
son that is born to the Hebrews you shall cast into the Nile.”
Loot thy Neighbour
Moses
appears and has a dialogue with God about how to lead out his people from
Egypt. The latter explains His technique of theft:
When
you go, you shall not go empty, but each woman shall ask of her neighbour,
and of her who sojourns in her house, jewellery of silver and of gold, and clothing,
and you shall put them on your sons and on your daughters; thus you shall
despoil the Egyptians.
We
are left wondering how the Hebrews are to ‘despoil’ the Egyptians, by relieving
their neighbours of household gold and jewellery – but, all will be revealed.
God explains to Moses His plan for plagues:
"When
you go back to Egypt, see that you do before Pharaoh all the miracles which I
have put in your power; but I will harden his heart, so that he will not let
the people go. (4:21)
The
aim is not primarily to get ‘Israelites’ out of Egypt, but rather to force the
Pharaoh not to agree to it. The Deity instructing Moses here
claims to be ‘God Almighty’ (6:2)
The first plague begins, and all the Nile turns to blood and the fish die etc –
and the magicians of Egypt claim to be able to duplicate this effect!
But
the magicians of Egypt did the same by their secret arts; so Pharaoh's heart
remained hardened, and he would not listen to them; as the LORD had said.
A
second plague was unleashed, of frogs everywhere, and again the magicians of
Egypt claim they can duplicate this effect! (8:7)
But
the magicians did the same by their secret arts, and brought frogs upon the
land of Egypt.
So
far, this is looking like a contest between rival groups of black magicians –
but, hang on. Gnats appear everywhere as the third plague, and this time the
magicians of Egypt cannot duplicate the effect:
The
magicians tried by their secret arts to bring forth gnats, but they could not.
So there were gnats on man and beast. And the magicians said to Pharaoh,
"This is the finger of God."
–
which apparently shows this to be ‘the finger of God.’
What
god might that be, wondered Seymour Light?
The
Hebrews are to be given a special plot of Egypt to live in called Goshen, so
they do not experience the awful plagues. (8:22) Either they were 'in bondage' to Egypt or they were not, reflected Seymour Light. If they were they could not have suddenly acquired their own patch of real estate. Whoever fabricated this low-credibility story had no inkling whatever of the glory that was Egypt, with its pyramids and grand edifices. No name of any pharaoh is mentioned, because whoever was writing long after the alleged events had no idea of these.
As God keeps hardening the
heart of the Pharaoh in order to prevent him from letting the Israelites go,
frightful hail and rains fall, and the Pharaoh repents. But even then, God
makes him un-repent - after all, one wouldn’t want to miss the plague of
locusts:
Then
the LORD said to Moses, "Go in to Pharaoh; for I have hardened his heart
and the heart of his servants, that I may show these signs of mine among them,
and that you may tell in the hearing of your son and of your son's son how I
have made sport of the Egyptians and what signs I have done among them; that
you may know that I am the LORD.
The
deity wants to ‘make sport of the Egyptians,’ that's the motive. As the
last, cataclysmic punishment approaches, this is a good time to remind the
Israelites about relieving their neighbours of family gold and silver: (11:2)
Speak
now in the hearing of the people, that they ask, every man of his neighbour and
every woman of her neighbour, jewellery of silver and of gold.
Passover: the Killer-God in Action
In
the first month of the year (12:2)
The
LORD said to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt,"This month shall be for
you the beginning of months; it shall be the first month of the year for you.
each
Hebrew household needs a lamb to slaughter, and on the 14th day
(i.e. Full Moon) its blood has to be daubed over the house lintel – “It is the
Lord’s passover” - and the murderous low-flying God will spare their
children on that Passover night. NB no detail is here given of how this homicidal God bumped off the little children in their cots, overnight.
This,
Seymour Light reflected, was weirdly fulfilled much later, when the Prince of
Peace was crucified on the Passover full Moon on Friday, 3rd April
33 AD, the first full Moon after the Equinox: this Exodus text defines it in
this manner. (Seymour Light was puzzled that Jews today began their year on the
New Moon nearest the Autumn Equinox, when this Exodus text clearly defines it
as the springtime month) Dire Pauline theology passed dimly through his memory,
as to how the Lamb of God had somehow atoned or rescued believers by His death,
making the analogy with this ‘passover’ Full Moon when this nightmare god chose
to slaughter innocent children, to ‘make sport with the Egyptians.’
.
It
was such a bloody religion, Seymour Light reflected:
For
I will pass through the land of Egypt that night, and I will smite all the
first-born in the land of Egypt, both man and beast; and on all the gods of
Egypt I will execute judgements: I am the LORD. The blood shall be a sign
for you, upon the houses where you are; and when I see the blood, I will pass
over you, and no plague shall fall upon you to destroy you, when I smite the
land of Egypt. “This day shall be for you a memorial day, and you shall
keep it as a feast to the LORD; throughout your generations you shall observe
it as an ordinance for ever.”
The
bloody horror of the mass murder of innocent children had to remembered
‘forever’ - nay, celebrated and honored.
What
kind of religion was this, Seymour Light reflected? Had any other people ever even imagined a brutal killer-god like this one?
The
Egyptians finally let the people of Israel take all the gold and silver and
clothing they ask for (12:36) – an offer they couldn’t refuse, so to speak.
Let’s recall that none of this actually happened, it’s just a story from
someone’s hellish imagination – and for which God will forever after ask the
Israelites to feel gratitude. ‘Thus they despoiled the Egyptians.’ (12:36) I
wouldn’t invite these people to my party, reflected Seymour Light.
Helpful
rules appear here about who may ‘celebrate’ Passover, eg
“…every slave that is bought for money may eat of it after you have circumcised
him.” (12:43)
The Redemption - Paid in Shekels
Once
the Israelites have escaped from Egypt, the Lord instructs:
Consecrate
to me all the first-born; whatever is the first to open the womb among the
people of Israel, both of man and of beast, is mine… you shall set apart
to the LORD all that first opens the womb. All the firstlings of your cattle
that are males shall be the LORD's. Every firstling of an ass you shall
redeem with a lamb, or if you will not redeem it you shall break its neck.
Every first-born of man among your sons you shall redeem. (Exodus, 13:1,12-13)
Redemption
here is a payment. A first-born ass can be ‘redeemed’ with a lamb –
or if not ‘you shall break its neck’. ‘Redeem’ here means, 'avoid the
slaughter of’ or else what does it mean? Later on we will discover, that the
first born sons may be ‘redeemed’ by paying a tithe to the priesthood – who are
presumably writing this text in the first place – many centuries (Yes, Seymour
Light nodded his head) many centuries after you have been told
it was written.
Seymour
Light consulted Douglas Reed’s weighty The Controversy of Zion, in
order to get a right perspective here, on the chains of enslavement being forged:
The picture of blood-bespattered priests, thus given,
is worth contemplation. Even at this distance of time the question prompts
itself: why was this insistent emphasis laid on blood-sacrifice in the
books of the Law which the Levites produced. The answer seems to lie in the
sect's uncanny genius for instilling fear by terror; for the very mention of
“blood,” in such contexts, made the faithful or superstitious Judahite tremble
for his own son! It is all spelt out in Exodus, this claim of
the fanatical priests to the firstborn of their followers: “And the Lord spake
unto Moses, saying, Sanctify unto me all the firstborn, whatsoever openeth the
womb among the children of Israel, both of man and of beast:
it is mine.” According to the passage earlier quoted from Micah, this
practice of sacrificing the human firstborn long continued, and the sight of
the bloodied Levite must have had a terrible significance for the humble
tribesman, for in the words attributed to God, quoted above, the firstborn “of
man and of beast” are coupled. This significance remained long after the
priesthood (in a most ingenious way which will later be described) contrived to
discontinue human sacrifice while retaining the prerogative. Even then the
blood which was sprinkled on the priest, though it was an animal's, was to the
congregation still symbolically that of their own offspring!
Again
and again blood gets spattered over white-robed priests and the congregation, to
make everyone feel ‘holy.’ The act of redemption is later explained as
achievable by giving so many shekels to the priest. And we will address in due
time, the issue of sacrificing the human firstborn – yes, alas, we will be
coming to that – as might not be quite what you have heard from the pulpit.
Selling your Daughter for Sex
Seymour
Light was by no means sceptical about some degree of ET involvement in the
story here, where the awesome ‘cloud by day and pillar of fire by night’
appears, to guide the Israelites on their sojourn – as a memory of 2nd millennium
BC events endured, remembered as sacred by the people, in this text written
down long after. Prior to the crossing of the Red sea, Yahweh once more explains his
motive:
And
I will harden Pharaoh's heart, and he will pursue them and I will get glory
over Pharaoh and all his host; and the Egyptians shall know that I am the
LORD.
He
intends to ‘get glory’ by the spectacular mass murder involved. Those writing
this story gave no motive for the Egyptian army to wish to chase the Hebrews –
when they would have been devoutly grateful for their departure.
Three
months later Moses gets to receive the Ten Commandments, when a lot of special
electric-fiery effects appear in the story:
Take
heed that you do not go up into the mountain or touch the border of it; whoever
touches the mountain shall be put to death … no hand shall touch him … whether
beast or man, he shall not live. (19:13)
This
was no god of light, but rather: "And
the people stood afar off, while Moses drew near to the thick darkness where
God was" (20:21)
On
the very same page as the Ten Commandments, Yahweh explains about how to buy
and sell slaves – especially one’s own daughter:
When
a man sells his daughter as a slave, she shall not go out as the male slaves
do. If she does not please her master, who has designated her for himself, then
he shall let her be redeemed.
Selling
your daughter for sex, with a refund guarantee - if satisfaction is not
obtained! Yahweh also explained how you can beat up your own slave without
punishment (this immediately follows the Ten Commandments):
When
a man strikes his slave, male or female, with a rod and the slave dies under
his hand, he shall be punished. But if the slave survives a day or two, he is
not to be punished; for the slave is his money.
There
follows the categories of people to be killed “You shall not permit a sorceress
to live” – (22:18) and "Whoever sacrifices to any god, save to the LORD
only, shall be utterly destroyed.” The trashing of anyone else’s religion is a
recurrent theme. But, having said that, a weird twinge of benevolence
appears later in Chapter 22, as if memory of some benevolent deity were
endeavouring to make itself heard.
Seymour
Light pinched himself, to remind himself that he was reading ‘The Holy Bible.’ This was the anti-god from Hell, why do people want this stuff on their bookshelves?
Seeing God
Moses
sloshed basins of blood around (24:6-8), yes he knew how to please God:
And
Moses took half of the blood and put it in basins, and half of the blood he
threw against the altar. Then he took the book of the covenant, and read
it in the hearing of the people; and they said, "All that the LORD has
spoken we will do, and we will be obedient." And Moses took the blood and
threw it upon the people, and said, "Behold the blood of the covenant
which the LORD has made with you in accordance with all these
words."
The
contract was struck - with loads of blood - then Moses and Aaron go up the
mountain, to see God. He offers them a snack before they continued up the
mountain:
Then
Moses and Aaron, Nadab, and Abi'hu, and seventy of the elders of Israel went
up, and they saw the God of Israel; and there was under his feet as it were a
pavement of sapphire stone, like the very heaven for clearness. And he did
not lay his hand on the chief men of the people of Israel; they beheld God, and
ate and drank.
Rather
like meeting Darth Vader, they are just relived that He didn't try to kill them.
Here Seymour Light reflected, that the Torah
stories were totally materialistic: there is no after-life, the blessings
offered by Yahweh in return for obedience are all material, as are all the
curses (in far longer lists than the blessings), and the point of all of the
obedience, burnt offerings etc was not virtue or salvation, but that they would obtain
the land – it was a material promise, a material contract. And God was constantly defining Himself in material terms, as a being who could see and
taste etc*, who gave advice in battle, often thru some sort of intercom system,
and at one point moans because the Hebrews want their own king, claiming, won’t
he do? He is constantly demanding sacrifice offerings like evening snacks, with huge
detail over their cuisine, admiring the odour of the burnt offerings and wine …
Indeed Seymour Light occasionally wondered (but could not decide) about
the argument put forward in that classic work, The Genius of the Few by
O’Brian, that Yahweh was some sort of large wrinkly Annunaki-type being, who
flew in his ‘cloud by day, pillar of fire by night’, and came down when
required into the Tent of Meeting where it was often alleged that He dwelt.
Yahweh
was ‘bellicose and vindictive’ O’Brien found. (p.175), adding: “With Yahweh by
your side, violence is never more than a hand’s breadth away!” (p.190)
Levites: the Killer-Priests
On
coming down with the Ten Commandments written by God on both sides of the
tablets, Moses finds that the people have melted down their gold to make an
engraved image – contravening the Third Commandment they were about to be
given! That was asking for trouble. Contravening the Seventh Commandment he was
bringing down from the mountain, Moses assembled the Levite priesthood and had
them slay three thousand men as punishment! This Levite priesthood here appear
as the only ones who have swords, for there is no resistance:
then
Moses stood in the gate of the camp, and said, "Who is on the LORD's side?
Come to me." And all the sons of Levi gathered themselves together to him.
And he said to them, "Thus says the LORD God of Israel, `Put every man his
sword on his side, and go to and fro from gate to gate throughout the camp, and
slay every man his brother, and every man his companion, and every man his
neighbour.'" And the sons of Levi did according to the word of Moses; and
there fell of the people that day about three thousand men. And Moses
said, "Today you have ordained yourselves for the service of the LORD,
each one at the cost of his son and of his brother, that he may bestow a
blessing upon you this day."
The
killer-god blesses this mass-murder act - with no hint of incompatibility with
the Seventh Commandment He had just written on the stone.
As
that perceptive atheist Richard Dawkins wrote, one might have hoped that this
killing ‘would have been enough to assuage God’s jealous sulk. But no, God
wasn’t finished yet. In the last verse of this terrible chapter his parting
shot was to send a plague upon what was left of the people ‘because they made a
calf, which Aaron made.’’ (the God Delusion, p.277) Seymour Light
admired the moral judgement of Dawkins -
God’s
monumental rage whenever his chosen people flirted with a rival god resembles
nothing so much as sexual jealousy of the worst kind, and again it should
strike a modern moralist as far from a good role-model (Ibid, p276)
however
he could not go along with the simplistic view that no such Being had ever
existed. Too much horror had come from this deity, for it to be merely a
figment of anyone’s imagination. Who could ever dream up so hellish a god?
Seymour
Light was impressed by Aaron’s ability to construct a furnace
reaching a thousand degrees centigrade in the middle of a desert, in order to melt gold
(32:4) – and even more by the remarkable alchemic ability of Moses to unmake Aaron’s golden
calf, dissolving it and turning it into drinkable, colloidal gold! (32:30)
The
Fifth Commandment then gets revamped as a death-curse:
You
shall keep the sabbath, because it is holy for you; every one who profanes it
shall be put to death; whoever does any work on it, that soul shall be cut off
from among his people. (31:14)
Originally
it had been a blessing - but, hey, that was on the original tablets that Moses had
smashed in anger! (20:8) Seymour Light here recalled the piteous story of an
old man caught gathering firewood, ignorant that it was the sabbath day – and,
by the way, this is the invention of the seven-day week, this is how it began!
The Hebrews ask God what to do with the old man, and God replies, stone him to
death - and lo, they stoned him to death (Numbers, 15).
Again
Seymour Light had to admire the moral judgement of the atheist Dawkins:
What
shocks me today about such stories is not that they really happened. They
probably didn’t. What makes my jaw drop is that people today should base their
lives on such an appalling role model as Yahweh – and, even worse, that they
should bossily try to force the same evil monster (whether fact or fiction)
onto rest of us. (Ibid, p.282)
At
last someone
was correctly evaluating the Judaeo-Christian god Yahweh. This surely has
to be a milestone in morality and a real augury of hope for Homo Sap., he felt.
It
was slowly dawning upon the Hebrews that being ‘rescued’ by this Deity from
Egypt may not have been such a great idea. Yahweh, whose rage resembled an
ever-simmering volcano, turned out to be unappeased by the thousands he had
just slaughtered, followed by a plague - and to his ‘chosen people’ vowed, of
the Promised Land: ‘To your descendants I will give it’ (33:1) – the promise is
broken, for which they had left Egypt! They will all have to die in the desert!
Only their children get to enter this promised land, ‘flowing with milk and
honey.’
Serve
them right for trusting Yahweh, Seymour Light reflected.
Later
on, we get detail about how to make and consecrate the Ark of the Covenant,
(29:21)
Aaron
and his sons shall lay their hands upon the head of the ram, and you shall kill
the ram, and take part of its blood and put it upon the tip of the right ear of
Aaron and upon the tips of the right ears of his sons, and upon the thumbs of
their right hands, and upon the great toes of their right feet, and throw the
rest of the blood against the altar round about. Then you shall take part
of the blood that is on the altar, and of the anointing oil, and sprinkle it
upon Aaron and his garments, and upon his sons and his sons' garments with him;
and he and his garments shall be holy, and his sons and his sons' garments with
him.
The
alter is splattered with blood as usual, the priests are splattered with blood – ever so
holy, Seymour Light reflected. Further
enigmatic comments follow about the physical or quasi-physical nature of
Yahweh, maybe not the sort of thing anyone would make up. Moses asks if he may
see Yahweh, and the reply is:
"You
cannot see my face; for man shall not see me and live." And the LORD said,
"Behold, there is a place by me where you shall stand upon the
rock; and while my glory passes by I will put you in a cleft of the rock,
and I will cover you with my hand until I have passed by; then I will take
away my hand, and you shall see my back; but my face shall not be
seen."
As
if Yahweh would be passing by in some sort of craft somewhere up the mountain,
and Moses was permitted only to see its rear.
Moses
was advised of the various local tribes due to have their land stolen: “I
will drive out the Canaanites, the Amorites, the Hittites, the Per'izzites, the
Hivites, and the Jeb'usites,” plus destruction of their places of worship: “You
shall tear down their altars, and break their pillars, and cut down their
Ashe'rim” (34:13) These Middle-Eastern goddess-worshipping peoples had been living
- or so Merlin Stone argued, in her The Paradise Papers, When God was a
Woman, 1976 - in ecological peace and harmony. ‘For I will cast out nations
before you, and enlarge your borders’ (34:24). Reflected Seymour Light, this
deity behaved as if totally exempt from the Commandments just given, not to
steal or kill.
This
was bad news for Planet Earth, reflected Seymour Light: the Predator had
arrived.
* Deuteronomy 4:27: "
And
there you will serve gods of wood and stone, the work of men's hands, that
neither see, nor hear, nor eat, nor smell" - rather implying that Yahweh was able to see,eat etc.
Books Referred to
O'Brien, Christian, The Genius of the Few The story of those who founded the garden in Eden, 1999.
Richard Dawkins, The God delusion
Tiffany, John Fountain of Fairytales, a Scholarly romp through the Old Testament, 2013
Douglas Reed, The Controversy of Zion (online)
Merlin Stone, The Paradise Papers When God was a Woman, 1976.
Karen Armstrong The Bible The Biography 2007
[1] ‘The Scholarly consensus is that the
story of the Exodus is not historical’ Karen Armstrong, The Bible, The
Bibliography, 2007,15.